Argument is a course of reasoning which aims to demonstrate the truth or falsehood...that's according to the online dictionary. Getting further, argumentation is define by Merriam Webster is the act or process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to a case in discussion. That definition is supported by the Wikipedia which states that argumentation embraces the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation and persuasion. It studies the rules of logic and procedural rules in both- the artificial and real world settings.
The main goal of argumentation is to come up with the better ( if not the best ) conclusions on the bases of the facts and arguments presented. In having an argument, a person has to protect its self-interest and beliefs in a rational manner. It does not necessarily mean of to persuade other people but to present your stand and make them feel and understanding your point.
Lawyers do use argumentation in most instances, for example in trials, in preparing an argument to be presented to a court and in testing the validity of certain kinds of evidence. There are some components of Argumentation and Wikipedia present some and these are:
1. Understanding and identifying arguments, either explicit or implied, and the goals of the participants in the different types of dialogue.
2. Identifying the premises from which conclusions are derived.
3. Establishing the "burden of proof" — determining who made the initial claim and is thus responsible for providing evidence why his/her position merits acceptance.
4. For the one carrying the "burden of proof", the advocate, to marshal evidence for his/her position in order to convince or force the opponent's acceptance. The method by which this is accomplished is producing valid, sound, and cogent arguments, devoid of weaknesses, and not easily attacked. In a debate, fulfillment of the burden of proof creates a burden of rejoinder. One must try to identify faulty reasoning in the opponent’s argument, to attack the reasons/premises of the argument, to provide counterexamples if possible, to identify any logical fallacies, and to show why a valid conclusion cannot be derived from the reasons provided for his/her argument.
2. Identifying the premises from which conclusions are derived.
3. Establishing the "burden of proof" — determining who made the initial claim and is thus responsible for providing evidence why his/her position merits acceptance.
4. For the one carrying the "burden of proof", the advocate, to marshal evidence for his/her position in order to convince or force the opponent's acceptance. The method by which this is accomplished is producing valid, sound, and cogent arguments, devoid of weaknesses, and not easily attacked. In a debate, fulfillment of the burden of proof creates a burden of rejoinder. One must try to identify faulty reasoning in the opponent’s argument, to attack the reasons/premises of the argument, to provide counterexamples if possible, to identify any logical fallacies, and to show why a valid conclusion cannot be derived from the reasons provided for his/her argument.
I guess, those are just some of the basics that I needed to know for now and I will learn about debates, argumentation and more as the classes go further.
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